Appendix A: The Number of Magazines

The basis of our study is Dr. E. Braches' documentation of child pornography which included all the European photo-magazines that were sold (almost) exclusively in sex shops between the late 1950s and 1984.  The additional data for the period after 1984 are based on interviews, visits to sex shops and access to some private collections which we were able to analyze.  Each issue was counted as one unit, so that a series that came out in five issues is counted as five magazines.  Pirate copies of European material which was reprinted under a new cover are counted as separate magazines, although it could be argued that this introduces double counting.  We have not included magazines for which the cover and title suggested child pornography but the contents clearly depicted young adults.¹⁹⁵  Nudist magazines, which are usually sold by subscription to enthusiasts and are not generally sold in sex shops, were not included either.

We have used a generous criterion to determine inclusion, so that magazines in which the majority of the pictures are not of children were included.  We have included all the magazines that included naked children even when the photographs did not depict sexual demeanour at all.  By using a broad definition we have sought to prevent the study from excluding relevant material that was sold predominantly in sex shops.

The data for this survey are based on documentation that was set up in 1972, and maintained until 1984, so that the month at which each magazine was encountered for the first time in Amsterdam was also recorded.  This was not possible for the English magazines which, according to Braches, could nevertheless be dated by other means.

In total there were 508 issues depicting boys and 288 issues depicting girls.  The boy magazines appeared mostly between 1968 and 1981, a period of 14 years, the girl magazines only appeared in 1972 and vanished in 1980, a period of 9 years.  The average number of issues per year over these periods was 28.1 issues of boy magazines and 35.2 issues of girl magazines.
    

Boy Magazines (Table A1 & Figure A1)

The high points in production shifted from one country to the next during the period that child pornography was available.  America (USA) was the first significant producer running from 1968 to 1970.  The German (D) production occurred mainly during 1970 to 1974.  The Danish (DK) took over; 1970 to 1981.  After the collapse of American production, the English (GB) appeared, remaining relatively small, but reaching a peak in the years 1973 to 1975.  By 1977 the American and English production had vanished.  In comparison with international production, Sweden (S), between 1971 and 1979, and the Netherlands (NL), between 1973 to 1976 and again between 1983 and 1987, were very small contributors.

Girl Magazines (Table A2 & Figure A2)

The world production of girl magazines was dominated by Denmark between 1972 and 1978, and the Netherlands between 1973 and 1980.  In the Danish material, the country of origin is printed in the magazines.  In the publications from the Netherlands, the text is predominantly Dutch and an address in the Netherlands is given for subscription.¹⁹⁶  The production of other countries was insignificant compared to that of the Netherlands and Denmark.

This is a more or less complete count of the European child pornography, but that cannot be said for the American material.  Only incidental American magazines could be obtained, although there is evidence that the American production must have been large.¹⁹⁷  For that reason, the tables show the production in the U.S.A. separately and the graphics do not include the American counts.

The years 1984-1987 (">'83") and 1989-1990 (">'88") have been taken together and the graphs display annual averages for these years: the period when the relevant publications came out is known to us, but not the exact years of publication of each individual issue.  See Tables A1 and A2 and Figures A1, A2, and A3.